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from Kitty Hawk to Cape Kennedy NASA the

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National Aeronautics and Space

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Administration presents Aeronautics and

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1966 a year in which aeronautics and

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space in the news achievements which are

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expanding man's knowledge here is a

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this animation shows how surveyor one

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looked as it came in for a soft landing

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on the moon the date June 2nd as

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evidenced by these photos a spacecraft

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can land on the lunar surface and

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probably a man can walk on it some of

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the terrain is very similar to our soil

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a man would leave footprints as he would

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in sand many rocks dot the moon scape

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future flights will photograph other

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possible manned landing areas and carry

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instruments to measure surface hardness

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information needed before men land

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they're charting actual landing sites

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for the astronauts is the job of lunar

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orbiter two of the 850-pound satellites

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have orbited the moon photographing and

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mapping wide areas sometimes sweeping as

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low as 25 miles above the surface here

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are some of the pictures pictures

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helping to determine the height and

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slope of lunar mountains and the depth

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of craters these remarkable views show

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the crater Copernicus pictures too of

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the backside of the moon and the view of

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Earth from 240,000 miles in space the

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surveyor lunar orbiter combination has

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returned a valuable scientific data

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about the moon helping pave the way for

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American weather satellites are a good

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example of technological potential put

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to work not only for our own well-being

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but that of other nations the

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high-flying picture takers have given

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advance warnings on everything from

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hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico to

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great sand storms in North Africa and

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Arabia three satellites making up the

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Tyros operational system were launched

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for the weather bureau in 1966 and are

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returning daily meteorological

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information around the world

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Nimbus an advanced NASA research weather

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satellite was also launched Nimbus took

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both day and infrared nighttime pictures

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over the United States and of the entire

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Earth predecessor to long-range weather

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one of more than a dozen scientific

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satellites launched by NASA in 1966 was

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orbiting geophysical Observatory

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nicknamed ogo it studies space phenomena

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such as radiation belts solar plasma

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magnetic fields their effects on each

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other and the earth another satellite is

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greatly refining our mapmaking ability

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appearing as a bright new star it is

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called patos badgeos carries no

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instruments by reflecting sunlight from

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its 100-foot shiny surface it provides

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an orbiting point source of light

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serving as a beacon in the sky the

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satellite is simultaneously photographed

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by widely separated ground stations

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throughout the world with the help of

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paggio sand using the principles of

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geometry the Earth's surface can now be

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to pioneer spacecraft were launched into

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orbit around the Sun pioneers six and

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seven between now and 1970 an entire

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series of these Sun Watchers will be put

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into orbit around the Sun investigating

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reporting future pioneers will venture

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even closer to the Sun observing the

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solar atmosphere close up and warning of

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solar storms sending back useful data

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about the sun-earth relationship more

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than 300 sounding rockets were launched

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from various locations around the world

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these small rockets play an important

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role as they scientifically probed the

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atmosphere and ionosphere testing out

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equipment and experiments to be flown on

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future satellites and helping us better

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understand weather and communications

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sounding Rockets so reliable and

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flexible they can be launched during

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sub-zero weather or from on board a ship

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at sea to take measurements during a

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total eclipses happen only once every

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two years

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November 12 1966 was the date of one of

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these occurrences the place South

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America certain celestial phenomena can

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be recorded only when a total eclipse

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blots out the sun's direct light 300

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scientists from the US and other

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countries complete with equipment

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gathered in South America to witness and

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record the event some flew on high-speed

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jets which intercepted the moon shadow

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and then raced along with it out over

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the Atlantic others used sounding

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rockets to record changes in winds and

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temperatures and make x-ray measurements

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as the moon's shadow swept from coast to

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coast across South America

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scientists had an opportunity to acquire

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a history of a complete solar event in a

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cooperative international program this

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is the hypersonic research vehicle x-15

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in the atmosphere it flies like an

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airplane at the edge of space it is

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controlled by Gemini type reaction Jets

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on November 18th

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the x-15 rocketed to a world record

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speed for winged aircraft four thousand

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one hundred fifty nine miles per hour

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the sleek black plane has also reached

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altitudes of more than 67 miles but the

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x-15 is more than all this it is a

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flying research laboratory making

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contributions that range from bio

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astronautics to future leadership in

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high-speed high-altitude supersonic and

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hypersonic flight there may be a need

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someday to shuttle men and equipment

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between orbiting space stations and

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earth it is for this reason that NASA

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has been studying lifting bodies this

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prototype called the m2 f2 is one of the

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lifting bodies currently undergoing

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tests wingless lifting bodies are being

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developed to operate in space then

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returned through the Earth's atmosphere

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research continued in developing systems

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that might power future space missions

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yet undefined present-day Rockets are

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for the most part liquid fuel now under

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study our solid propellant rockets of

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equal or greater thrust the Florida

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Everglades was the site of the second

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test firing of a powerful solid fuel

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rocket motor the eight story tall motor

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spewed out a pillar of white-hot flame

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from its exhaust nozzle the so called

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large solid burned eight hundred forty

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tons of rubber like fuel at a rate of

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six tons per second also in the research

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stage nuclear propulsion engines a

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series of tests are being jointly

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conducted by NASA and the Atomic Energy

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Commission the rocket would use a

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nuclear reactor to produce thrust small

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less fuel consuming nuclear engines

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being tested now may someday enable

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scientists to plan long missions to

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distant points in space and carry

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project Gemini this country's second man

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venture into space falls between the

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experimental mercury program of the

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early 60s and operational Apollo flights

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we've gained much experience from

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Germany nearly 2,000 man-hours in space

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experience which has direct application

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to the Apollo program there were five

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Gemini flights during the year rounding

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out a series of 1210 manned to unmanned

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Gemini operated in a building block

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fashion experience learned from one

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mission was applied to the next

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this included both the successes and

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Germany's major requirements rendezvous

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and docking long-duration missions

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learning to work in space and the

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ability to bring a spacecraft down to

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earth close to a desired landing point

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by the end of 1965 we had satisfied the

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long-duration mission requirement during

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March 1966 Gemini 8 astronauts Armstrong

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in Scott carried out the first

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rendezvous and docking with an orbiting

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Aegina but all did not go well a

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malfunction caused the spacecraft to

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roll erratically the crew was forced to

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undock and make an early landing in the

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Pacific proving the ability to evolve

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alternate plans to learn from the

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unexpected Gemini 9 had a double problem

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the Agena could not be put into orbit

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and as you can see here the shroud

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surrounding a substitute target did not

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come completely off even so Stafford and

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Cernan rendezvous three separate times

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with what they called the angry

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alligator and Cernan spent more than one

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then Germany ten when astronauts Jung

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and Collins met with and latched on to

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an orbiting a Gina the docked craft then

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powered up to rendezvous with the Agena

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vehicle left in space from the Gemini 8

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mission in addition Mike Collins became

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the third American to practice extra

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vehicular activity although trouble with

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his oxygen systems shortened the

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spacewalk Gemini 11 was also a

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successful flight a new altitude record

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of 860 miles was established with the

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docked Gemini Aegina combination as in

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the two previous missions a VA was cut

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short this time because of fatigue but

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Germany 12 showed how man could work

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more productively outside his spaceship

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astronaut edwin aldrin using special

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hand holds tethers and foot restraints

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to counteract the effects of

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weightlessness spent more than five

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hours outside the craft completing all

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his evie a tasks a 100 foot line was

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attached between a Gina and Gemini

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conserving valuable fuel and even

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creating a small amount of artificial

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gravity during all the Gemini missions

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many important scientific and

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engineering experiments were carried out

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and hundreds of photographs like these

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are giving us a better understanding of

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our earth of special significance to has

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been the ability gained to control a

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spacecraft during the all-important

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reentry an ability which has allowed

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Germany to land within full view of the

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recovery forces Germany has prepared as

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well for all future manned missions into

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1966 was a year of development and

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testing for Apollo Saturn escape systems

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fuel cells spacecraft all the major

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components are being worked up to a

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state of readiness three uprated Saturn

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one Rockets were sent aloft from Cape

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Kennedy to check out the performance of

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the launch vehicle and unmanned

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spacecraft all went well including

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recovery in the South Atlantic this a

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prelude to manned Apollo missions at the

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Kennedy Space Center a full-scale

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engineering model of Apollo and the

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Saturn 5 rocket were put together inside

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the newly built Vehicle Assembly

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Building from there a giant crawler

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transported the rocket and craft to the

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1966 a year of exploration and

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investigation with a building toward

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faster more efficient planes of the

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future developing space hardware at

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industrial plants throughout the United

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States or performing basic research at

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University and government laboratories

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1966 was a year of progress in both

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aeronautics and this country's

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this has been an Aeronautics and Space